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An experimental investigation of friction coefficient in hip joint replacements
Tkadlec, Tadeáš ; Urban, Filip (referee) ; Nečas, David (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with an experimental analysis of friction coefficient within hip joint replacements. The measurements were realized on Mini Traction Machine device in ball-on-disc configuration. The main goal was to determine the effect of implant material, kinematic conditions and model synovial fluid composition on the development of coefficient of friction as a function of time. For this purpose, three different materials (metal, ceramic, polymer), two mean speeds (5.7 mm/s; 22m/s), three different slide-to-roll ratios (SRR = 0 %, SRR = -150 %; SRR = 150 %) and six various model fluids containing albumin and -globulin in a various ratios and concentrations were employed. The results are evaluated in the form of graphs showing the dependence of friction coefficient on time and are confronted with previously published studies.
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Study of Friction in Hip Joint Replacements
Balounová, Hana ; Dzimko, Marián (referee) ; Vrbka, Martin (advisor)
Diploma thesis deals with analysis of coefficient of friction in total hip prosthesis for several materials bearing with presence of bovine serum as substitute of synovial fluid occurred in natural joint. Behavior of coefficient of friction is observed on Mini Traction Machine. Results are plotted at graphs representing dependence of coefficient of friction on time. There are described effects of several kinematic conditions, the influence of used material and the effect of the method of contact lubrication. The experiments analyze how the formation of lubricant film with a layer of adsorbed protein affects coefficient of friction.
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A review of hip joint replacements in terms of wear
Vaverka, Pavel ; Ficza, Ildikó (referee) ; Nečas, David (advisor)
This bachelor thesis provides an overview of influence of materials, diametral clearance and head diameter on wear of total hip replacement. First part of the thesis deals evolution of hip joint replacements. Wear measurement methods and commercially available hip joint simulators are described in the following chapter. The main part of this thesis is analysis of important studies dealing with influence of hip replacement design on volumetric wear.
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Obesity and hip joint replacement
SCHRÁNILOVÁ, Monika
The diploma thesis focuses on obesity and hip replacement. Obesity is a disease spread all around the world and the number of people suffering from it has been increasing. It is generally known that obesity increases the risk of several diseases and it causes osteoarthritis of large joints that is often treated by replacing the affected joint. Nowadays, hip alloplasty is one of the most common orthopedic surgeries when the damaged joint socket and head are replaced with an artificial endoprosthesis. Hip replacement is always a serious and burdensome surgery. The aim of the thesis was to describe the approach of patients and nursing staff towards weight reduction before total hip replacement. In the empirical part of the thesis, a qualitative survey was used. The results were obtained through semi-structured interviews of patients who underwent the surgery of total hip replacement and at the same time suffer from obesity. Next, semi-structured interviews with general nurses who take care of these patients were also carried out. The qualitative survey consisted of six survey questions that revealed that patients' approach towards weight reduction is highly individual and influenced by many factors. It also turned out that at clinics, patients are recommended diets and appropriate exercise and general nurses take part in the recommending process by explaining information provided by doctors. One of the barriers considered to be the most common in the care of patients by both staff and patients is high weight and related mobility problems, reduced autonomy and mental stress. An important factor is patients' motivation that is influenced by personality, age and state of mind of both patients and nursing staff. In educational processes, cooperation of a general nurse and a doctor is mostly interconnected. Education is implemented in the whole treatment process where a nurse plays one of the key roles. Early education is essential and it most often takes place in the form of a dialogue adapted to the specific patient. Output of the diploma thesis is a description of possible involvement of nurses in education processes on weight reduction of obese patients before performing total hip replacement.
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Use of nordic walking after hip joint replacement
KASLOVÁ, Pavlína
This bachelor thesis deals with the use of Nordic walking after hip joint replacement. The theoretical part is divided into two parts. The first part describes the issue of Nordic walking and the proper technique of Nordic walking. Furthermore, this section describes the advantages and disadvantages of Nordic walking and the most common mistakes when walking with sticks. The second part briefly describes the anatomy of the hip joint, coxarthrosis as one of the most common indications for hip joint replacement and there are also mentioned types of hip replacements and subsequent rehabilitation after surgery. The practical part is processed in the form of qualitative research using case reports. The research group consisted of 3 probands who were no more than 1 year after hip replacement. At the first meeting I prepared an initial kinesiological analysis of all probands, according to which I treated them therapeutically and with each I learned the Nordic walking method. Probands walked with sticks regularly 2 - 3 times a week and at the same time performed the exercises I assigned them. After 3 months, I prepared an output kinesiological analysis for each proband and I obtained a subjective evaluation of the Nordic walking method from each of them. This bachelor thesis had a total of 3 goals. The first goal was to describe the issue of Nordic walking and the correct technique of walking with sticks. To describe the advantages and disadvantages of Nordic walking was another goal of the work. Both these objectives are part of the theoretical part. The last aim was to describe the possibilities of applying the Nordic walking method after hip replacement. I found out the results of this goal through the research part, where in all probands there was either a reduction in the pain of the operated hip joint or an increase in the range of motion and muscle strength in the area of the hip joint. However, there was also a positive effect on other parts of the body. For example, reduced neck spine pain. The bachelor thesis can be used as an educational material for physiotherapists who want to include the Nordic walking method in the medical rehabilitation of patients after hip replacement, or it can serve as a source of information for patients.
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Differences in the care of patients after a complete knee and hip replacement from the standpoint of the nurse.
LUŇÁČKOVÁ, Jana
Complete knee and hip replacement are one of the most common surgical procedures in an orthopedic practice. The care of these patients places very high demands on the attending nurse and follows strict guidelines. The occurrence rate of indications for the knee/hip replacement has risen recently. The reason behind it is higher stress on the bearing joints due to alarming rise in obesity, arthritic changes in the joints etc. Surgical procedure can restore mobility and independence of the patient. Part of the successful postoperative care is a close cooperation with the physiotherapy specialist. Orthopedic nurses carry full responsibility for the patient's care and therefore should be informed on its specifics. The bachelor thesis is divided into two sections, theoretical and empirical. The theoretical section focuses on the anatomy of the knee and hip joint, history of the replacement procedure and its indications and contraindications. It also discusses the specifics of the care of the patient. The empirical section covers research. The objective of the thesis is to discover different aspects of nursing care of the patient after total hip replacement and knee replacement and to investigate whether nursing staff possesses the knowledge of these aspects. Three basic questions were formulated: 1. What are the differences in care between the total knee replacement and total hip replacement patients? 2. In what areas of patient care, according to the nurses' point of view, do these differences exist? 3. What areas of patient care after total knee/hip replacement do nurses find the most difficult? A qualitative research method has been used to accomplish results for this thesis. Data collection has been carried out through semi-structured interviews and assisted observations. The research has taken place at a single location, an orthopedic department of a hospital. The research was completely anonymous, interviews and observations took place from April 8th 2016 through May 31st 2016. A semi-structured interviews were used for the data collection. Nurses were given 14 basic questions (see Appendix) that were followed by additional sub-questions during the interviews. Then the interview results were sorted into groups by their category for better comprehension. An assisted observation was another technique used. The acquired data have been input into a prepared table (see Appendix). The interviews and observations were carried out with the same subjects/nurses. The data collected showed that the care of the total knee replacement patient does not fundamentally differ from that of a total hip replacement patient. The only differences found were those in positioning of the patient, utilization of compensation aids, rehabilitation care and, according to the nurses, also in prevention of possible complications. The most common problems occur in connection with the manipulation of the patient. Nurses seem to lack a clear guidance as to by who and how the patient should be informed prior to the replacement procedure. This bachelor thesis has been compiled in such a way as to outline basic overview of the patient care differences and to be used as an information source for the experienced as well as the inexperienced nursing staff. Practical aspect of this thesis is a proposal for a seminar (see Appendix) on the issue of patient care differences after a total knee/hip replacement.
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